NEWS & ANALYSIS

EU Commission initiates formal investigations against IBM in two cases of suspected abuse of dominant market position

by Directorate General for Competition of the European Commission

(26 July, 2010)

The European Commission has decided to initiate formal antitrust investigations against IBM Corporation in two separate cases of alleged infringements of EU antitrust rules related to the abuse of a dominant market position (Article 102 TFEU). Both cases are related to IBM's conduct on the market for mainframe computers. The first case follows complaints by emulator software vendors T3 and Turbo Hercules, and focuses on IBM's alleged tying of mainframe hardware to its mainframe operating system. The second is an investigation begun on the Commission's own initiative of IBM's alleged discriminatory behaviour towards competing suppliers of mainframe maintenance services.

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BowlerRoger Bowler Responds to IBM Patent Attack on Open Source

by Roger Bowler Creator of Hercules and Co-founder of TurboHercules

(Posted in News & Blogs section of turbohercules.com on 6 April, 2010)

As many of you know, the company I founded to promote the Hercules open source mainframe emulator, TurboHercules SAS, has filed an antitrust complaint against IBM with the European Commission in Brussels. We are not asking that IBM be subjected to punishing fines or anything like that. We simply want IBM to agree to allow legitimate paying customers of its z/OS mainframe operating system to deploy that software on the hardware platforms of their choice – including, should they so choose, on low-cost servers using Intel or AMD microprocessors and Hercules.

I want to make clear that we undertook this action reluctantly, and only after a long period of reflection during which we reached out to IBM to see if there was some way to resolve our differences amicably. I regret to report that IBM rebuffed our efforts at conciliation, and even added fuel to the fire by launching accusations against Hercules. I would like to take this opportunity to respond to some of those charges.

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The Issues of Competition in Mainframe and Associated Services in India

by Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations and Indicus Analytics

Very little is known about the extent and nature of competition in the mainframe and associated services market in India. This is the first study to analyze competition and related issues in the Indian server market, with an extensive focus on mainframe computing.

Download the report PDF (4MB)

Steven FriedmanThe T3 Technologies story

by Steven Friedman, T3 Technologies

For over 15 years, my company was a successful IBM Business Partner. I used to have a thriving company with over 50 employees, nearly 1,000 customers in 28 countries (including 200 customers in 15 European Community states) and a profitable revenue stream earned through selling mainframe solutions to IBM customers. However, now our company is effectively out of business due to the direct actions of the company I used to be closely aligned with: IBM.

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Tuesday
Mar122002

2002 Compuware vs. IBM

On March 12, 2002, Compuware filed suit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan against International Business Machines Corporation ("IBM") alleging, among other things, infringement of its copyrights and misappropriation of its trade secrets with respect to its mainframe software tools, intentional interference with contractual relations with its employees and former employees, antitrust law violations, tortious interference with its economic expectancy and various state law violations. Compuware claimed that (i) IBM had copied and misappropriated portions of its mainframe software tools and had wrongfully used its technology to develop competing products; (ii) IBM made false representations regarding Compuware’s software products in violation of the Lanham Act; and (iii) IBM was using its monopoly power to engage in unlawful tying arrangements and was subverting competition on the merits by denying critical information to Compuware and others in an effort to undermine Compuware’s development efforts. The suit sought injunctive relief and unspecified monetary damages, among other things, from IBM.

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In early 2003, Compuware asked the Court for a Preliminary Injunction on IBM’s sale of the competing products.

In December 2003, the Court denied Compuware's Motion for Preliminary Injunction on the trade secret and false advertising claims, ruling that there were fact issues that needed to be decided by a jury. Compuware's Motion did not address IBM's antitrust violations or unfair competition. Those claims, as well as the trade secret misappropriation claims were scheduled to be tried by a jury in September 2004.

On January 15, 2004, IBM filed patent infringement claims against Compuware in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The Compuware products accused of infringement were Strobe, QA Center, DevPartner and Uniface. The suit sought injunctive relief and unspecified monetary damages. Fact discovery was proceeding. No trial date had been set for these claims.

On August 11, 2004, in direct contrast to the sworn statements of its employees and the pleadings of its lawyers, IBM admitted that the source code in question had apparently been simultaneously discovered at two separate facilities located on opposite sides of Australia.

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On September 1, 2004, U.S. District Court for Eastern Michigan sanctioned IBM for "gross negligence" in the software piracy portion of Compuware’s case against the technology giant.

Click to read the hearing transcript...

On September 15, 2004, U.S District Court for Eastern Michigan granted part of Compuware’s motions, namely that IBM had to pay Compuware for costs incurred in bringing its motion, that discovery related to File Manager was to remain open until the end of 2004, that IBM should pay Compuware for expert reports related to File Manager. The Court denied Compuware’s motions for default judgment relating to relief for Copyright Infringement, relief for Trade Secret Misappropriation, for preclusion of File Manager pre-Version 1 code and for an order enjoining the sale or distribution of File Manager.

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On October 12, 2004, Compuware filed an objection to the U.S. District Court’s order based on IBM’s refusal to pay fees associated with the U.S. District Court’s order.

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On March 22, 2005, Compuware announced that it had entered into a software, services and technology relationship with IBM and settled all outstanding litigation between the enterprises. As a result of this agreement, IBM will license $140 million of Compuware software over four years and offered to purchase $260 million of Compuware services over four years. IBM and Compuware will exchange technical information for the interoperability of IBM and Compuware S/390 architecture and programs. Compuware will continue as a member of IBM's PartnerWorld program, under which it receives technical information generally made available to other independent software vendors. IBM and Compuware entered into a patent cross-licensing agreement, covering patents related to both companies' businesses. IBM and Compuware settled all outstanding claims between the two companies, including pending litigation.